Raimo Olavi Toivonen

Raimo Olavi Toivonen (born 1953) is a Finnish developer of speech analysis,[2][3][4][5][6] speech synthesis,[7][8][9][10][11] speech technology,[7][8][9][10][11] psychoacoustics[12][13][14] and digital signal processing.[2][3][4]

Raimo Olavi Toivonen
Raimo Olavi Toivonen (1979)
Born1953
Kankaanpää, Finland
NationalityFinnish
Alma materTampere University of Technology TUT, Department of Electronics[1]
Known forIntelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA)[2][3][4]
Scientific career
FieldsSpeech analysis,
digital signal processing (DSP)
speech synthesis,
speech technology,
psychoacoustics
1980s Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) system. On the left there is a Macintosh SE/30 with a hard drive. On the right there is an ISA signal computer that includes a Texas universal 16-bit TMS32010 signal processor and a separate large 16-bit signal memory. Sony 16-bit 2-channel converters are connected to the signal computer. ISA measures frequencies with scales: hertz, Bark, ERB, mel, Koenig, octave, semitone, semitone/100 and semitone/1000.[2][3][4]
Intelligent Speech Analyser (ISA)

Toivonen studied at the Tampere University of Technology (TUT), where he obtained a Diploma Engineer in Electrical Engineering in 1979.[1]

The development of speech synthesis began in 1975 at TUT and continued there from 1975 to 1976. The development work continued on the VTT in Tampere. After that, the development work was transferred to the TUT electronics department in 1978. The development work continued there until 1981. Toivonen joined the development of speech synthesis applications in January 1977.[9][10][11][8][7][1]

The first presentation of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) developed by Toivonen took place in January 1987 at the Finnish Phonetics Meeting at Jyväskylä University.[4] The development work started in 1985 and has continued since then.[2][3]

In 100 academic theses, 30 of which are academic dissertations, spoken language have been studied with the help of the ISA developed by Toivonen. Using ISA, 14 spoken languages have been academically researched and written articles with 15 languages. These 14 spoken languages are Finnish dialects, Finnish Swedish, Swedish, Estonian, Icelandic, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, German in various European countries, Russian, English language in different countries, French, Spanish in South America, North Africa, Spain, and Portuguese.[2][3][15][16][5][6][17][18]

Using ISA, academic publications have been made in phonetics, psychoacoustics, speech therapy, vocology, phoniatrics, audiology, and musical instrument research. ISA has also been used in the study of spectral features of good speech sound.[2][3][15][16][5][6][17][18][13]

Selected works

Research project of the Academy of Finland Development of communication tools for the sensory impaired

  • Karjalainen, M.A. & Laine, U.K. & Toivonen, R.O.: Aids for the handicapped based on "Synte 2" speech synthesizer, ICASSP '80. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, April 9–11, 1980, 5:851–854.[7]
  • Karjalainen Matti A. & Laine, Unto K. & Lavonen, Seppo & Toivonen, Raimo O.: Aistivammaisten kommunikaatiovälineiden kehittäminen, Yhteenvetoraportti, luku 4, Puhesynteesitutkimuksesta (Development of communication tools for the sensory impaired, Final report, Chapter 4, From speech synthesis research), Report 12, Finnish Technical Research Center, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Tampere, 165 pages, 1979.[8]
  • Toivonen Raimo O.: Sokeain ohjelmoijain audiovisuaalinen tietokonepääte (An audio-visual computer terminal for blind programmers), Tampere University of Technology, Department of Electronics, Finland, 1979. (Master's Thesis in Technology)[1]

A three-part series of articles

  • Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 1. Synteettinen puhe auttaa näkövammaista (The microprocessor came and stayed 1. Synthetic speech helps the visually impaired). Finnish news magazine Aamulehti February 12, 1980.[9]
  • Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 2. Kirjat ja lehdet saadaan puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 2. Books and magazines are made to talk). Finnish news magazine Aamulehti February 13, 1980.[10]
  • Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 3. 1980-luvulla saadaan tietokoneet puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 3. In the 1980s, computers were made to talk). Finnish news magazine Aamulehti February 14, 1980.[11]

Articles in the Finnish microprocessor magazine "Prosessori"

  • Toivonen, Raimo: Tampereelta maailman ensimmäinen puhuva pääte (The world's first talking terminal from Tampere), in Prosessori-lehti (Finnish microprosessor magazine Prosessori) 5/1979, s. 25–27.
  • Toivonen, Raimo: Puhuva kone tekee äänikirjoja (The talking machine makes audio books), in Prosessori-lehti (Finnish microprosessor magazine Prosessori) 6/1979, s. 32–38.
  • Toivonen, Raimo: Puhuva kone vastaa puhelimeen (The talking machine answers the phone), in Prosessori-lehti (Finnish microprosessor magazine Prosessori) 8/1979.
  • Toivonen, Raimo: Puhuva pääte kehittyy edelleen (The talking terminal is still evolving), in Prosessori-lehti (Finnish microprosessor magazine Prosessori) 2/1980.
  • Toivonen, Raimo: Audiovisuaalinen sanojenkäsittelylaite – 1980-luvun mikroprosessoritekniikkaa (Audiovisual word processing device – 1980s microprocessor technology), in Prosessori-lehti (Finnish microprosessor magazine Prosessori) 3/1980.

Research project of the Academy of Finland Auditory modelling of speech perception

  • Karjalainen Matti A. (eds.): Puheen kuulemisen mallintaminen (Auditory modelling of speech perception), Helsinki University of Technology, Acoustics laboratory, Finland, 110 pages, 1987.[12]

See also

References
  1. "finna.fi: Sokeain ohjelmoijain audiovisuaalinen tietokonepääte (An audio-visual computer terminal for blind programmers)". Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  2. "Google Scholar: developed by Raimo Toivonen, (52 results)". Retrieved February 8, 2021.
  3. "Google Scholar: Intelligent Speech Analyser, (95 results)". Retrieved February 8, 2021.
  4. Toivonen, Raimo: The first presentation of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) took place in the Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians in University of Jyväskylä 16.–17.1.1987.
  5. "Master, Suely: Análise acústica e perceptivo-auditiva da voz de atores e não atores masculinos: long term average spectrum e o "formante do ator". 2005. 148 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2005" (PDF). Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  6. "Master, Suely & De Biase, Noemi Grigoletto & Chiari, Brasília Maria & Laukkanen, Anne-Maria: Acoustics and Perceptual Analyses of Brazilian Male Actors' and Non actors' Voices Long-term Average Spectrum and the "Actor's Formant". Journal of Voice March 2008: 22:2:146–154".
  7. "semanticscholar.org: Aids for the handicapped based on Synte 2 speech synthesizer" (PDF). Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  8. "finna.fi: Aistivammaisten kommunikaatiovälineiden kehittäminen (Development of communication aids for the sensory impaired)". Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  9. Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 1. Synteettinen puhe auttaa näkövammaista (The microprocessor came and stayed 1. Synthetic speech helps the visually impaired). Finnish news magazine Aamulehti February 12, 1980.
  10. Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 2. Kirjat ja lehdet saadaan puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 2. Books and magazines are made to talk). Finnish news magazine Aamulehti February 13, 1980.
  11. Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 3. 1980-luvulla saadaan tietokoneet puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 3. In the 1980s, computers were made to talk). Finnish news magazine Aamulehti February 14, 1980.
  12. "finna.fi: Puheen kuulemisen mallintaminen (Auditory modelling of speech perception)". Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  13. "Iivonen, Antti & Toivonen, Raimo: Simulation of the psycho-acoustical vowel space for linguistic applications. Eurospeech 1989, First European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Vol. 2, p. 2289–2292 Paris, France, September 27–29, 1989" (PDF). Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  14. Iivonen, Antti & Toivonen, Raimo: Computer in der psychoakustischen analyse und representation der vokale und vokalsysteme. Computergestützte Sprachverarbeitung für Phonetik und Diagnostik, June 12–14 1989. (Gall, V., Hollmach, U. Hrsg.), Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 1990/36 (F98), s. 34–37. ISBN 3-86010-316-4
  15. "Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalets akustik i sverigesvenska, finlanssvenska och finska. University of Jyväskylä, 2000, Doctor's thesis, contains 181 ISA pictures" (PDF). ISBN 951-39-0645-0. Retrieved January 19, 2021. Mikko Kuronen
  16. "Riad, Tomas: The Phonology of Swedish. The Phonology of the World's Languages, Oxford University Press, January 2014, 356 pages. Contains Bark scale formant chart pictures of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) on pages 19, 20, 22, 40, 41". ISBN 9780199543571. OCLC 940606268. Retrieved February 2, 2021. Tomas Riad
  17. Vilkman, Erkki: Studies on human voice production : anatomical, biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological studies with special reference to fundamental frequency, Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ser A vol 232. 1987. Dissertation. ISBN 951-44-2159-0 OCLC 310764310. This work use the fundamental frequency analysis of human voice and the computer field of human voice developed by Toivonen since 1983. These DSP methods, developed by Toivonen are used in the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) since 1986. Erkki Vilkman, currently professor emeritus in phoniatrics.
  18. Kastinen, Arja: "Erään 15-kielisen kanteleen akustisesta tutkimuksesta (An acoustical investigation of the specific 15-string kantele)". Sibelius-Akatemian kansanmusiikin osaston julkaisuja 5 (Publications of the Sibelius Academy's Department of Folk Music 5). Dissertation. 2000. ISBN 952-9658-80-X OCLC 57219457. The work was supervised by Rauno Esa Nieminen, Doctor of Music. Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) developed by Toivonen was used in acoustical investigations of the specific 15-string kantele.
  19. "Google Scholar: Synte 2 speech synthesizer, (27 results)". Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  20. "ts.fi: The Invention Exhibition at the Vapriikki Museum Centre in Tampere, Finland, June 20, 2012–". Retrieved January 12, 2021.
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