List of the prehistoric life of Maryland
This list of the prehistoric life of Maryland contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Maryland.
Precambrian
The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Maryland.
Paleozoic
Selected Paleozoic taxa of Maryland
- †Amphiscapha
- †Amplexopora
- †Archimylacris
- †Atrypa
- †Atrypa reticularis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Aviculopecten
- †Bassipterus
- †Bellerophon
- †Calymene
Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Early Devonian trilobite Calymene- †Calymene camerata
- †Calymene cresapensis
- †Calymene niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Camarotoechia
- †Chonetes
- †Cincinnetina
- †Clitendoceras
- †Composita
- †Composita ovata – tentative report
- †Cornulites
- †Cypricardinia
- †Dakeoceras
- †Dalmanites
Fossil of the Late Ordovician-Middle Devonian trilobite Dalmanites - †Dolichopterus
- †Edmondia
- †Eldredgeops
- †Ellesmeroceras
- †Encrinurus
- †Eospirifer
- †Erettopterus – tentative report
- †Euomphalus
- †Eurypterus
- †Favosites
- †Favosites niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Flexicalymene
- †Goniatites
- †Gyrodoma
- †Hallopora
- †Holopea
- †Hyolithes
- †Isotelus
- †Lingula
- †Lysorophus
Life restoration of the Permian snake-like amphibian Lysorophus showing speculative egg-coiling behavior - †Mcqueenoceras
- †Megamolgophis
- †Meristina
- †Metacoceras
- †Naticopsis
- †Neospirifer
- †Neospirifer dunbari – tentative report
- †Obolella
- †Obolus – tentative report
- †Olenellus
- †Ormoceras
- †Orthoceras
- †Platyceras
- †Proterocameroceras
- †Pterygotus
Life restoration of the Silurian-Middle Devonian eurypterid ("sea scorpion") Pterygotus - †Ribeiria
- †Rioceras
- Solemya
- † Solenopsis
- †Sowerbyella
- †Spirifer
- †Stenosiphon
- †Strophomena
- †Tainoceras
- †Tentaculites
Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites - †Trigonocera
- †Trimerus
- †Waeringopterus
- †Worthenia
Mesozoic
Selected Mesozoic taxa of Maryland
- Acirsa
- †Acrocanthosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Acrocanthosaurus - †Acteon
- †Aenona
- †Agerostrea
- †Allognathosuchus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Allosaurus
- †Amyda
- †Ancilla
- †Anomia
- †Anomoeodus
- Arrhoges
- Astarte
- †Astrodon
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur Astrodon- †Astrodon johnstoni – type locality for species
- †Baculites
- †Bottosaurus
- Botula
- Cadulus
- Caestocorbula
- Carcharias
- †Caveola
- †Ceratodus
Life restoration of the Late Triassic-Eocene lungfish Ceratodus - Cerithium
- Chiloscyllium
- †Cimoliasaurus
- †Coelosaurus
- †Coelurus
- †Coelurus gracilis – type locality for species
- †Corax
- Corbula
- †Crenella
- †Cretolamna
Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna - Cucullaea
- Cuspidaria
- Cylichna
- †Cylindracanthus
- †Cymella
- Dasyatis
- †Deinonychus
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous dromaeosaur ("raptor") Deinonychus - †Deinosuchus
- †Dentalium
- †Discoscaphites
- †Egertonia
- †Enchodus
- †Eulima
- †Euspira
- †Eutrephoceras
Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Late Jurassic-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Eutrephoceras - †Ewingia
- †Exogyra
- Galeorhinus
- Ginglymostoma
- Glossus
- Glycimeris
- Glycymeris
- †Glyptops
- †Goniopholis
- †Grallator – or unidentified comparable form
Fossil negative with skin impressions of the theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Grallator - †Halisaurus
- †Hamatia – type locality for genus
- †Hamulus
- Heterodontus
- † Heteromorpha
- †Hoploparia
- †Hybodus
- †Hyposaurus
- †Inoceramus
- †Ischyodus
- †Ischyrhiza
- †Ischyrhiza avonicola – or unidentified comparable form
- †Ischyrhiza mira
- †Jeletzkytes
Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Jeletzkytes - Latiaxis
- Lepisosteus
- Lima
- Limatula
- †Linearis
- Lithophaga
- Lopha
- †Mathilda
- †Modiolus
- †Morea
- †Mosasaurus
Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus - Myliobatis
- †Mytilus – tentative report
- Nebrius
- Nucula
- Odontaspis
A living Odontaspis sand shark - †Osteopygis
- Panopea
- †Paralbula
- †Peritresius
- Pholas
- †Pinna
- †Placenticeras
- †Pleurocoelus – type locality for genus
- †Pleurocoelus nanus – type locality for species
- †Plicatoscyllium
- Polinices
- †Priconodon – type locality for genus
Illustration of a fossilized tooth in multiple views of the Early Cretaceous armored dinosaur Priconodon- †Priconodon crassus – type locality for species
- †Prognathodon
- †Propanoplosaurus – type locality for genus
- †Propanoplosaurus marylandicus – type locality for species
- †Protocardia
- †Pteria
- †Pterotrigonia
- †Ptychotrygon
- Pycnodonte
- Raja
- Rhinobatos
- †Rhombodus
Restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene ray Rhombodus - Ringicula
- Rissoina
- †Sargana
- †Scaphites
- Serpula
- †Serratolamna
- †Sphenodiscus
- Squalicorax
Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax - Squatina
- †Stephanodus
- Tellina
- †Tenea
- †Tenontosaurus
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous Iguanodon relative Tenontosaurus - †Thoracosaurus
- Trachycardium
- Turritella
Cenozoic
Selected Cenozoic taxa of Maryland
- †Abra – tentative report
- Acipenser
- Acropora
- Acteocina
- Acteon
- †Acus
- †Adocus
- †Aepycamelus – tentative report
Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). - Aetobatus
- †Aglaocetus
- Alca
- †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
- †Ambystoma
- †Ambystoma maculatum
- †Ambystoma tigrinum
- Amia
- †Amphicyon
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon - Amyda
- Anachis
- Anadara
- Anas
- †Anas crecca
- Ancilla – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Angulus
- Anomia
- Anticlimax – tentative report
- †Aphelops – tentative report
- Aporrhais
- Aquila
- †Araeodelphis – type locality for genus
- Arca
- †Archaeohippus
- Architectonica
- †Arctodus
- Argopecten
- †Armatobalanus
- Astarte
Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve - Asterias
- †Asterias forbesi – or unidentified comparable form
- Astrangia
- †Astroscopus – type locality for species
- †Astroscopus countermani – type locality for species
- Astyris
- Athleta
- Atrina
- †Aulophyseter
Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter - Balaenoptera
- Balanus
- Bankia
- Barnea
- Blarina
- †Blarina brevicauda
- †Blarina carolinensis
- Bonasa
- †Bonasa umbellus
A living Bonasa umbellus, or ruffed grouse
- Boreotrophon
- Brachidontes
- †Brachyprotoma
- †Brevoortia
- †Brevoortia tyrannus – or unidentified comparable form
- Bufo
- Busycon – type locality for genus
- Busycotypus
- Cadulus
- Caecum
- Callinectes
- †Callinectes ornatus
- †Callinectes sapidus
A living Callinectes sapidus, or Chesapeake blue crab
- Calliostoma
- Callista
- Calonectris
- Calyptraea
- Cancellaria
- Cancer
- Canis
- †Canis armbrusteri – type locality for species
Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized skull of the Pleistocene Canis armbrusteri, or Armbruster's wolf - †Canis latrans
- †Canis rufus – or unidentified comparable form
- Cantharus
- Carcharhinus
- Carcharias
- Carcharodon
- Cardita
- Carphophis
- Cassis
- Castor
- †Castor canadensis
- †Cephalotropis – type locality for genus
- Cerastoderma
- Cervus
- Cetorhinus
- †Cetotherium
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium - Chama
- Chelone
- Chelydra
- †Chesapecten
- Chlamys
- Chrysemys
- Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Cirsotrema
- Clavus
- Clementia
- Clethrionomys
- †Clethrionomys gapperi – or unidentified comparable form
- Cliona
- Coluber
- †Coluber constrictor
A living Coluber constrictor, or eastern racer
- Concavus
- Condylura
- Conus
- Corbula
- Crassostrea
- Crepidula
- †CretolamnaFossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
- Crotalus
- Crucibulum
- Cryptobranchus
- Cucullaea
- Cumingia
- Cyclocardia
- Cylichna
- Cymatosyrinx
- †Cynarctus
- †Cynarctus wangi – type locality for species
- Cypraea
Multiple views of a shell of a Cypraea cowrie sea snail - Cythara
- †Cytheris
- Dasyatis
- Dentalium
- Diadophis
- Diodora
- †Diorocetus – type locality for genus
- †Dipoides
- Discinisca
- †Dolicholatirus
- Dosinia
- Echinocardium
- Echinophoria – type locality for genus
- †Ecphora
- †Ecphora gardnerae
Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Miocene murex sea snail Ecphora gardnerae
- †Ectopistes
- Elaphe
- Electra
- Elphidium
- Ensis
- †Entobia
- †Eosuchus
- †Eosurcula – or unidentified comparable form
- Epitonium
- Eptesicus
- †Eptesicus fuscus – or unidentified comparable form
- Equus
- Erethizon
- †Erethizon dorsatum
- †Euceratherium
Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). - †Euclastes – tentative report
- Eulima
- Eumeces
- †Eumeces fasciatus – or unidentified comparable form
- Eupleura
- †Eurhinodelphis
- †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
- Euspira
- Felis
A living Felis, or cat - †Ficopsis
- Fissurella
- †Fistulobalanus
- †Fulgar
- Galeocerdo
- Galeodea
- Gari
- Gastrochaena
- Gavia
- †Gavialosuchus
Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus - Gegania
- Gemma
- Genota – or unidentified comparable form
- Geukensia
- Gibbula – tentative report
- Glaucomys
- Globigerina
- Globigerinoides
- Glossus
- Glycimeris
- Glycymeris
- Glyptemys
- †Gomphotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium - Gulo
- Gyrinophilus
- †Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Hadrodelphis – type locality for genus
- Haminoea
- Hastula
- Haustator
- †Heliadornis – type locality for genus
- Hemipristis
- Heterodon
- †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
- Hiatella
- †Hippotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Hippotherium - Hyla
- Hyotissa
- Ictalurus
- Ilyanassa
- Ischadium
- †Ischyodus
- Isognomon
- Isurus
- †Kentriodon – type locality for genus
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon - Kuphus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Kurtziella
- Lacuna
- †Lagodon
- Lamna
- Lampropeltis
- Lasiopodomys
- Lepisosteus
- †Leptophoca – type locality for genus
- †Leptophoca lenis – type locality for species
- Lepus
- Libinia
- Lithophaga – or unidentified comparable form
- Littoraria
- Lontra
- †Lontra canadensis
Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter
- †Lophocetus
- Lopholatilus
- Lucina
- Lunatia
- Lyonsia
- Macoma
- Macrocallista
- †Macrokentriodon – type locality for genus
- †Mammut
- †Mammuthus
- †Mammuthus columbi
- †Mammuthus primigenius
Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
- Marginella
- Marmota
- Martesia
- Mathilda
- †Megalonyx
- Megaptera
- Melampus
- Melanitta
- Meleagris
- †Meleagris gallopavo
A wild male Meleagris gallopavo, or turkey, displaying his facial coloration and tail feathers to attract a female
- Membranipora
- Menestho
- Mephitis
- Mercenaria
- Meretrix
- †Merychippus
- †Mesocetus
- †Metaxytherium
- Microtus
- †Microtus chrotorrhinus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Microtus pennsylvanicus
- †Miracinonyx
Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah - Mitra
- Modiolus
- †Moira – tentative report
- †Monotherium
- Mulinia
- Mustela
- †Mustela vison – or unidentified comparable form
- †Mya
- Myliobatis
- †Mylohyus
Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus- †Mylohyus fossilis – type locality for species
- Myodes
- Myotis
- †Myotis grisescens – or unidentified comparable form
- Mytilus
- †Nanosiren – tentative report
- Napaeozapus
- Narona
- Nassa
- Nassarius
A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail - Neofiber
- Neotoma – type locality for genus
- Nerodia
- Neverita
- Notophthalmus
- †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
- Notorynchus
- †Notorynchus cepedianus – type locality for species
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Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark
- Novocrania
- Nucula
- Ochotona
- †Ochotona princeps – or unidentified comparable form
- Odocoileus
- Odontaspis
- Odostomia
- Ondatra
- Opheodrys
- †Orycterocetus
- †Osteopygis
- Ostrea
- †Otodus
- †Otodus megalodon
Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
- Otus
- †Oxyrhina
- Pagurus
- †Palaeocarcharodon
- †Palaeophis
- Pandora
- Panopea
- Panopeus
- Panthera
- Parascalops
- †Parietobalaena – type locality for genus
Life restoration of the Miocene baleen whale Parietobalaena and calf- †Parietobalaena palmeri – type locality for species
- Pecten
- Pekania
- †Pelocetus – type locality for genus
- Perisoreus
- Peromyscus
- †Peromyscus leucopus – or unidentified comparable form
- Petricola
- †Phenacodus – tentative report
- Phenacomys
- †Phocageneus
- Pholadomya
- †Physeterula
- Pinna
- Pipistrellus
- Pitar
- Pitymys
- Placopecten
- †Platygonus
Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). - Plecotus
- Plethodon
- Pleurotomella
- Pogonias
- †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
- Polydora
- Polystira
- †Presbyornis
- †Prionodon
- Prionotus
- †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified related form
- Propebela
- Prophaethon – tentative report
- †Protocardia
- Pseudacris
- †Pseudacris triseriata
- Pseudoliva
- Pteria
- †Ptychosalpinx
- Puffinus
A living Puffinus shearwater - Pycnodonte
- Quinqueloculina
- †Rana
- †Rana clamitans
- †Rana pipiens
- †Rana sylvatica
- Rangia
- Ranzania
- Retusa
- Rhinoptera
A school of living Rhinoptera, or cownose rays - Rhynchobatus
- †Roccus
- †Rotalia
- Salamandra
- †Scala – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Scala
- †Scaldicetus
- †Scapanorhynchus
- Scaphander
- Scaphella – type locality for genus
- Sceloporus
- †Sceloporus undulatus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Schizodelphis
Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis - Schizoporella
- Sciaenops
- Sciurus
- †Scutella
- †Sediliopsis – type locality for genus
- Seila
- Semele – tentative report
- Semele
- Serpulorbis
- Siphonalia
- †Smilodon
Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon - †Solarium
- Solen
- Sorex
- Spermophilus
- †Sphyraenodus
- Sphyrna
- Spilogale
- †Spilogale putorius – type locality for species
- Spisula
- †Squalodon
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon- †Squalodon calvertensis – type locality for species
- Squatina
- Squilla
- Stewartia
- Stramonita
- Strioterebrum
- †Syllomus
- Sylvilagus
- Synaptomys
Illustration of a living Synaptomys, or bog lemming - Syrnola
- Tagelus
- Tamias
- Tamiasciurus
- †Tapiravus
- Tapirus
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A living Tapirus, or tapir - †Tasbacka
- Taxidea
- †Taxidea taxus – type locality for species
- Teinostoma
- Tellina
- Terebra
- Terebratula
- Teredo
- Terrapene
- Testudo
- Textularia
- Thamnophis
- †Thecachampsa
Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa - Thomomys – type locality for genus
- Thracia
- Tremarctos
- Triloculina
- Trionyx – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Triphora
- Tritonium
- Trochita
- †Trygon
- †Tuba – tentative report
- Turricula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Turris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Turritella
- Tursiops
A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin - Typhis
- Umbraculum – tentative report
- Urosalpinx
- Ursus
- Venericardia
- Vespertilio
- Vitrinella
- Volutifusus
- Vulpes
- †Xiphiacetus
Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus - Xiphias
- Yoldia
References
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 7 August 2017.
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