List of the prehistoric life of Virginia
This list of the prehistoric life of Virginia contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Virginia.
Precambrian
The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Virginia.
Paleozoic
Selected Paleozoic taxa of Virginia
- †Acmarhachis
- †Amplexopora
- †Ampyx
- †ArchimedesFossils of the Carboniferous-Permian bryozoan Archimedes
- †Arthrorhachis
- †Athyris
- †Atrypa
- †Aulopora
- †Aviculopecten
- †Bassleroceras
- †Bellerophon
- †Bellerophon spergensis – tentative report
- †Bimuria
- †Blountiella
- †BothriolepisLife restoration of the Late Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis
- †Bumastus
- †Bumastus lioderma – or unidentified comparable form
- †Callixylon
- †Calymene
- †Calyptaulax
- †Camarotoechia
- †Campbelloceras
- †Cardiopteris
- †Ceratocephala
- †Ceratopsis
- †Ceraurinella – type locality for genus
- †Ceraurus
- †Chasmatopora
- †Chonetes
- †Christiania
- †CincinnetinaAssemblage of fossilized shells of the Ordovician brachiopod Cincinnetina
- †Clarkoceras – tentative report
- †Cleiothyridina
- †Cleiothyridina sublamellosa – or unidentified comparable form
- †Climacograptus
- †Coleoloides
- †Columnaria
- †Composita
- †Composita subquadrata – or unidentified comparable form
- †Conocardium
- †Constellaria
- †Coosia
- †Coosina
- †Cornulites
- †Cornulites flexuosus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Craniops
- †Crepicephalus
- †Cryptophragmus
- †CyrtocerasRestoration of the Cambrian-Middle Devonian nautiloid cephalopod Cyrtoceras
- †Cyrtospirifer
- †Cystodictya
- †Dakeoceras
- †Dalmanites – or unidentified comparable form
- †Diplograptus
- †Echinosphaerites
- †Edmondia
- †Encrinuroides
- †Eophacops
- †Epiphyton
- †EthmophyllumIllustration with inset cross-section diagrams of the Cambrian sponge Ethmophyllum
- †Favosites
- †Fletcheria – tentative report
- †Flexicalymene
- †Foerstia
- †Girvanella
- †Glauconome
- †Gonioceras
- †Hallopora
- †Helcionella
- †Heliomeroides
- †Hemithecella – type locality for genus
- †Holia
- †Holopea
- †Homagnostus
- †Hyolithellus
- †Hyolithes
- †Hypseloconus
- †Illaenus
- †IsotelusFossil of the Middle-Late Ordovician giant trilobite Isotelus.
- †Isotelus maximus
- †Kingstonia
- †Kionoceras
- †Komaspidella
- †Kootenia
- †Krausella
- †Kutorgina
- †Labyrinthus
- †Latouchella
- †LepidodendronRestoration of the Carboniferous-Late Triassic club moss relative Lepidodendron. Eli Heimans (1911).
- †Levisoceras
- Lingula
- †Lingulella – tentative report
- †Llanoaspis
- †Lonchodomas
- †Maryvillia
- †Meteoraspis
- †Michelinoceras
- †Microplasma
- †Miraspis
- †Naticopsis
- †Niobe
- †Nisusia
- Nucula
- †Odontopleura
- †Olenellus
- †Olenoides
- †Orthoceras
- †Oulodus
- †Ozarkodina
- †Pagetia
- †Paractinoceras
- †Paterina
- †Pemphigaspis
- †PentremitesFossilized theca of the Carboniferous blastoid echinoderm ("sea bud") Pentremites
- †Phillipsia
- †Phragmolites
- †Phylloporina
- Pinna
- †Plaesiomys
- †Platyceras
- †Platystrophia
- †Plectoceras
- †Posidonia
- †Proetus
- †Protobarinophyton
- †Raymondaspis
- †ReceptaculitesFossil of the Early Ordovician-Permian benthic alga Receptaculites
- †Remopleurides
- †Rhodea
- †Rothpletzella
- †Salterella
- †Siphonodella
- †Skenidioides
- Solemya
- †Solenopora
- †Sowerbyella
- †Spathognathodus
- †Sphaerexochus
- †Sphaerocoryphe
- †Spirifer
- †Spyroceras
- †Strophomena
- †Subligaculum
- †Subulites
- †Syringopora
- †TentaculitesAssemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites
- †Terranovella
- †Tetradium
- †Tricrepicephalus
- †Trinodus
- Trypanites
- †Wilkingia
Mesozoic
- †Abietites – or unidentified comparable form
- †Abietites longifolius
- †Acrostichites
- †Acrostichites linnaeaefolius
- †Agrestipus – type locality for genus
- †Agrestipus hottoni – type locality for species
- †Alisporites
- †Alisporites aequalis
- †Amblydactylus
- †Amblydactylus gethingi
- †Anchisauripus
- †Anchisauripus parallelus
- †AnomoepusFossil (right) of the Early Jurassic dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Anomoepus
- †Appomatoxia – type locality for genus
- †Appomatoxia ancistrophora – type locality for species
- † Aquia – type locality for genus
- † Aquia
- †Aquia brookensis – type locality for species
- Aralia
- †Aralia dubia
- †Aratrisporites
- †Aratrisporites scabratus
- †Araucarites
- †Araucarites aquiensis
- †Arcellites
- †Arcellites disciformis
- †Arcellites pyriformis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Athrotaxis
- †Athrotaxis ungeri – or unidentified comparable form
- †Athrotaxopsis
- †Atreipus
- †Atreipus milfordensis
- †Auriculophora
- †Auriculophora acrostichoides
- †Boreogomphodon – type locality for genus
- †Boreogomphodon jeffersoni – type locality for species
- †Brachyphyllum
- †Brachyphyllum crassicaule
- †Brenneria – type locality for genus
- †Brenneria potomacensis – type locality for species
- †Brennerispermum – type locality for genus
- †Brennerispermum potomacensis – type locality for species
- †BrontopodusFossil of the sauropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Brontopodus
- †Brontopodus birdi
- †Caririchnium
- †Caririchnium leonardii
- †Carpestella – type locality for genus
- †Carpestella lacunata – type locality for species
- †Chirotherium
- †Chirotherium lulli
- †Chirotherium parvum
- Cladophlebis
- †Cladophlebis auriculata
- †Cladophlebis constricta
- †Cladophlebis mexicana
- †Classopollis
- †Clathropteris
- †Clathropteris meniscoides
- †Colpectopollis
- †Colpectopollis ellipsoideus
- †Crudia
- †Crudia grahamiana – type locality for species
- †Crybelosporites
- †Crybelosporites striatus
- †Cyathocaulis
- †Cyathocaulis carolinensis
- †Cyathoforma
- †Cyathoforma carolinensis
- †Cyathoforma minuta
- †Cyathoforma penticarpa
- †Danaeopsis
- †Danaeopsis virginiensis
- †Decussosporites
- †Decussosporites microreticulatus
- †Delosorus
- †Delosorus heterophyllus
- †Dichotozamites
- †Dichotozamites cycadopsis
- Dicotylophyllum
- †Dicotylophyllum ovatodecurrens – type locality for species
- Dicranopteris
- †Dictyophylum
- †Dictyopygae
- †Dictyothylakos
- †Dictyothylakos pesslerae
- †Diplurus
- †Doswellia – type locality for genusLife restoration of the Late Triassic reptile Doswellia
- †Doswellia kaltenbachi – type locality for species
- †Drewria
- †Echitriletes
- †Echitriletes lanatus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Emydhipus – or unidentified related form
- †Equisetites
- †Equisetites milleri
- †Equisetites richmondensis
- †Equisetites rogersii
- †Equisetum
- †Equisetum lyellii – or unidentified comparable form
- †Erlansonisporites
- †Erlansonisporites erlansonii
- †EubrontesFossils of the large theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Eubrontes
- †Eubrontes approximus
- †Eubrontes giganteus
- †Eucommiidites
- †Euscolosuchus – type locality for genus
- †Euscolosuchus olseni – type locality for species
- †Exesipollenites
- †Ficophyllum
- †Ficophyllum crassinerve
- †Gleichenites
- †Gleichenites distans
- †Gomphiosauridion – type locality for genus
- †Gomphiosauridion baileyae – type locality for species
- †GrallatorNegative footprint of G. cuneatus showing skin impressions
- †Grallator cuneatus
- †Grallator formosus
- †Gregaripus
- †Gwyneddichnium
- †Gwyneddichnium majore
- †Gypsichnites
- †Gypsichnites pacensis
- †Hypsiloichnus
- †Hypsiloichnus marylandicus
- †Isoetodendron
- †Isoetodendron striata
- †Juglandiphyllum
- †Juglandiphyllum integrifolium
- †Kayentapus
- †Kayentapus minor
- †Kenella – or unidentified related form
- †Lagenella
- †Lagenella martinii
- †Landonia
- †Landonia calophylla – or unidentified comparable form
- †Lapposisporites
- †Lapposisporites loricatus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Leptocyclotes
- †Leptocyclotes americana
- †LissodusElectron micrograph of fossilized teeth from the Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous freshwater shark Lissodus
- †Lonchopteris
- †Lonchopteris oblonga
- †Lunatisporites
- †Lunatisporites acutus
- †Macrotaeniopteris
- †Macrotaeniopteris crassinervis
- †Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia
- †Megalosauropus
- †Mertensides
- †Mertensides bullatus
- †Microconodon
- †Microconodon tenuirostris
- †Nageiopsis
- †Nageiopsis longifolia
- †Nelumbites
- †Nelumbites extenuinervis – type locality for species
- †Nelumbites minimus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Neocalamites
- †Neocalamites delawarensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Neocalamites knowltonii
- †Neocalamites virginiensis
- †Onychopsis
- †Onychopsis latiloba
- †Ornithomimipus
- †Ornithomimipus angustus
- †OsmunditesFossil of the Permian-Late Cretaceous fern Osmundites
- †Osmundites winterpockensis
- †Ovalipollis
- †Ovalipollis ovalis
- †Pabiania – or unidentified related form
- †Patinasporites
- †Patinasporites densus
- †Paxillitriletes
- †Pecopteris
- †Pecopteris rarinervis
- †Phlebopteris
- †Phlebopteris smithii – or unidentified comparable form
- †Pityopollenites
- †Pityopollenites neomundanus
- †Platanocarpus
- †Platanocarpus brookensis – type locality for species
- †Platanophyllum
- †Platanophyllum crassinerve
- †Plesiornis
- †Plesiornis pilulatus
- †Plicarizamites
- †Plicarizamites lanceolatus
- †Podozamites
- †Podozamites acutifolius
- †Podozamites lanceolatus
- †Podozamites tenuistriatus
- †Populophyllum
- †Populophyllum crassinerve
- †Potomacanthus
- †Potomacanthus lobatus
- †Primaraucaria
- †Primaraucaria wielandii
- †Protodiploxypinus
- †Protodiploxypinus doubingeri
- †Protohaploxypinus
- †Pseudofrenelopsis
- †Pseudofrenelopsis nathorstiana – type locality for species
- †Pseudofrenelopsis parceramosa
- †Pteridocaulis
- †Pteridocaulis facialis
- †Pteridocaulis rhombiformis
- †Pterophyllum
- †Pterophyllum affine
- †Pterophyllum braunianum
- †Pterophyllum descussatum
- †Pterophyllum giganteum
- †Pterophyllum grandifolium
- †Pterophyllum taxinum
- †Pterophyllum tenuinervis
- †Ptycholepis
- †Ptycholepis marshi
- †Redfieldius
- †Rothwellia – type locality for genus.[1]
- †Rothwellia foveata – type locality for species[1]
- †RutiodonLife restoration of the Late Triassic phytosaur Rutiodon
- †Rutiodon manhattanensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Sagenopteris
- †Sagenopteris rhoifolia
- †Sanmiguelia – tentative report
- †Sapindopsis
- †Sapindopsis – or unidentified comparable form magnifolia/variabilis – informal
- †Sapindopsis minutifolia – type locality for species
- †Sapindopsis obtusifolia
- Sassafras
- †Sassafras bilobata
- †SphenobaieraFossilized leaf of the Late Cretaceous ginkgo relative Sphenobaiera
- †Sphenobaiera striata
- †Sphenolepis
- †Sphenolepis sternbergiana
- †Sphenopteris
- †Sphenopteris lobata
- †Sphenopteris sitholeyi
- †Sphenozamites
- †Sphenozamites rogersianus
- †Stangerites
- †Stangerites obliqua
- †Stangerites planus
- SterculiaRipe fruit capsule and seeds of a living Sterculia, or tropical chestnut
- †Sterculia elegans
- †Sulcatisporites
- †Sulcatisporites kraeuseli
- †Taeniopteris
- †Taeniopteris diminuta
- †Tetrapodosaurus
- †Tetrapodosaurus borealis
- † Thodaya – type locality for genus.[1] Preoccupied.
- †Thodaya sykesiae – type locality for species[1]
- †Thylakosporites
- †Thylakosporites retiarius
- †Trassiflorites
- †Trassiflorites grandiflora
- †Triadispora
- †Triadispora modesta
- †Triadispora verrucata
- †Uatchitodon – type locality for genus
- †Uatchitodon kroehleri – type locality for species
- †Ulmiphyllum
- †Ulmiphyllum crassinerve
- †Vallasporites
- †Vallasporites ignacii
- †Vallasporites perspicuus
- †Verrutriletes
- †Verrutriletes carbunculus
- †Virginianthus – type locality for genus
- †Virginianthus calycanthoides – type locality for species
- †Watsoniocladus – type locality for genus
- †Watsoniocladus florinii – type locality for species
- †Watsoniocladus obatae
- †Watsoniocladus pseudoexpansum
- †Watsoniocladus ramonensis
- †Watsoniocladus valdensis
- †Watsoniocladus virginiensis – type locality for species
- †Xenodiphyodon – type locality for genus
- †Xenodiphyodon petraios – type locality for species
- †Zamiostrobus
- †Zamiostrobus lissocardius
- †Zamiostrobus triasiccus
- †ZamitesFossil of the Early Triassic-Eocene cycad-like frond Zamites
- †Zamites buchianus
- †Zamites powellii
Cenozoic
Selected Cenozoic taxa of Virginia
- Abies
- †Abra
- Acanthocybium
- Accipiter
- †Accipiter striatusLiving adult (center) and chick (lower right) Accipiter striatus, or sharp-shinned hawks
- Acipenser
- Acmaea
- Acteocina
- Acteon
- †Actinocyclus
- Actitis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Actitis macularia
- †Adeorbis
- Aegolius
- †Aegolius acadicus
- Aequipecten
- Aetobatus
- Aetomylaeus
- Agelaius
- †Agelaius phoeniceus
- †AglaocetusFossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus
- †Aglyptorhynchus
- Albula
- Alca
- †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
- Alces – or unidentified comparable form
- †AllaeochelysFossilized skeleton of the Eocene pig-nosed turtle Allaeochelys
- Alnus
- Alopias
- Aluterus
- †Ambystoma
- Amia
- Ammonia
- †Amonia
- †Ampelopsis
- Amyda – or unidentified comparable form
- Anachis
- Anadara
- †Anadara ovalis
- †Anadara transversaShell of an Anadara transversa, or transverse ark clam
- Anas
- †Anas crecca
- †Anas discors
- †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form
- Anguilla
- †Anguispira
- Angulus
- Anomia
- †Anomotodon
- AnoxypristisA living Anoxypristis cuspidata, or knifetooth sawfish
- †Anthus – or unidentified comparable form
- Aporrhais
- Arbacia
- †Archaeohippus
- †Archaeomanta
- Architectonica
- †ArctodusRestoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
- Argobuccinum
- Argopecten
- Arius – tentative report
- Asio
- †Asio flammeus – or unidentified comparable form
- Astarte
- Astrangia
- Astyris
- Athleta
- Balaena
- Balaenoptera
- †BalaenotusFossilized vertebrae of the Pliocene baleen whale Balaenotus
- Balanophyllia
- Balanus
- Barbatia
- Barnea
- Bartramia
- †Basilotritus
- Betula
- Bison
- Bittiolum
- Blarina
- †Blarina brevicauda
- †Bohaskaia – type locality for genus
- †Bohaskaia monodontoides – type locality for species
- †Bolcyrus – or unidentified comparable form
- Bombycilla
- Bonasa
- †Bootherium
- †Bootherium bombifronsFossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene-Holocene bovid Bootherium bombifrons, or Harlan's musk ox.
- Boreotrophon
- Bos
- Bostrycapulus
- Botaurus
- Brachidontes
- Branta
- †Brevoortia
- †Brychaetus
- Bubo
- †Bubo virginianusA living Bubo virginianus, or great horned owl
- Buccella
- Buccinum
- Bucephala
- Bufo
- †Burnhamia
- Busycon
- Busycotypus
- Buteo
- †Buteo jamaicensisA living Buteo jamaicensis, or red-tailed hawk
- †Buteo lineatus
- †Buteo platypterus
- Cadulus
- Caecum
- Caestocorbula
- †Calippus
- Calliostoma
- †Callippus
- Callista
- Calonectris
- Cambarus
- †Cambarus bartonii – or unidentified comparable form
- †Canarium
- Cancellaria
- Cancer
- Canis
- †Canis dirusModern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf
- †Canis latrans
- †Canis lupus – or unidentified comparable form
- Cantharus
- Canthon
- Capella
- Carcharhinus
- Carcharias
- Carcharodon
- Carditamera
- †Carolinochelys
- Carphophis
- Carya
- Castor
- †Castor canadensis
- †CastoroidesMounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides
- Catharus
- †Catinella
- Catoptrophorus
- †Catostomus
- Celtis
- Cerithiopsis
- Certhia
- †Certhia familiaris
- †Cervalces – tentative report
- Cervus
- Cetorhinus
- †CetotheriumLife restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
- Chaetura
- Chama
- Charadrius
- Chelydra
- †Chesapecten
- †Chesapecten jeffersoniusShells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius
- Chione
- Chlamys
- †Chordeiles
- Cibicides
- Cingula
- Circulus
- Cirsotrema
- Cistothorus
- †Cistothorus platensis – or unidentified comparable form
- Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Clethrionomys
- ClionaA living Cliona sponge
- Coccyzus
- Colaptes
- †Colaptes auratus
- Colinus
- †Colinus virginianus
- Coluber
- †Columella
- Colus
- Condylura
- Contopus
- Conus
- CorbulaShell of a Corbula basket clam
- Corvus
- Cotonopsis
- †Coupatezia
- Crassostrea
- Crepidula
- †CretolamnaFossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
- Crocodylus
- Crotalus
- †Crotalus adamanteus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Crotalus horridus
- Crucibulum
- Cryptobranchus
- †Cryptobranchus alleganiensisA living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander
- †Cryptogramma
- Cryptotis
- †Cryptotis parva
- Cucullaea
- Cumingia
- Cupuladria
- Cyanocitta
- Cyclocardia
- †CyclopomaFossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Cyclopoma
- Cylichna
- †Cylindracanthus
- Cymatosyrinx
- †Cynelos
- Cynoscion
- Dasyatis
- Dasypus
- †Dasypus bellus – or unidentified comparable formFossilized cranium seen from above and below of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo
- Dendrocopos
- †Dendroica – or unidentified comparable form
- Dentalium
- Dentimargo
- Desmognathus
- Diadophis
- Dicaelus
- Dinocardium
- Diodora
- †Diorocetus
- †DiplocynodonMounted fossilized skeleton of the Paleocene-Miocene crocodilian Diplocynodon
- Discinisca
- †Discoaster
- Discus
- †Dolicholatirus
- †Dolichonyx – or unidentified comparable form
- Donax
- †Donax variabilisShells of Donax variabilis, or coquina
- Dosinia
- Dryocopus
- Echinocardium
- Echinorhinus
- †Ecphora
- †Ectopistes
- †Egertonia
- Elaphe
- †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form
- †Elaphe obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form
- Electra
- Elphidium
- †Empidonax
- Ensis
- †Eobalaenoptera – type locality for genusLife restoration of two of the Miocene baleen whale Eobalaenoptera pursued by the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon
- †Eobalaenoptera harrisoni – type locality for species
- †Eosphargis
- †Eosuchus
- Epitonium
- Eptesicus
- Equus
- Eremophila
- Erethizon
- †Erethizon dorsatumA living Erethizon dorsatum, or North American porcupine
- Erolia
- Eschrichtius
- Esox
- †Esox americanus – or unidentified comparable form
- Eulima
- Eumeces
- †Eumeces laticeps – or unidentified comparable form
- Eupleura
- †EurhinodelphisLife restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above)
- †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
- Euspira
- Eutamias
- Euvola
- Falco
- Felis
- Ficus
- Flabellum
- Fossarus
- Fusinus
- Gadus
- GaleocerdoA living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
- Galeodea
- Galeorhinus
- Galerita
- †Galerita bicolor – or unidentified comparable form
- Gallinula
- Gari
- Gastrochaena
- Gastrocopta
- Gavia
- †GavialosuchusFossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus
- Gemma
- Genota – or unidentified comparable form
- Geomys
- Geukensia
- Gibbula – tentative report
- Ginglymostoma
- Glaucomys
- †Glaucomys sabrinusA living Glaucomys sabrinus, or northern flying squirrel
- Globigerina
- Globulina
- Glossus
- Glycymeris
- Granulina
- Grus
- †Hadrodelphis – or unidentified comparable form
- Halichoerus
- †Halichoerus grypusA living Halichoerus grypus, or grey seal
- Hastula
- Helicodiscus
- Hemipristis
- Heterodontus
- Hexanchus
- Hiatella
- Hipponix
- †Homogalax – or unidentified related formFossilized skull of the Eocene tapir-like mammal Homogalax
- Hydrobia
- Hydroides
- Hyla
- †Hyla crucifer – or unidentified comparable form
- Hylocichla
- †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Hyposaurus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Icterus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Icterus spuriusA living Icterus spurius, or orchard oriole
- Ilyanassa
- Ischadium
- Isistius
- Isognomon
- Istiophorus
- Isurus
- Junco
- †KentriodonLife restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
- Kuphus
- Kurtziella
- Lagena
- †Lagopus
- †Lagopus mutus – or unidentified comparable form
- Lamna
- Lampropeltis
- Larus
- †Larus hyperboreusA living Larus hyperboreus, or glaucous gull
- Lasiurus
- Latirus
- Lepisosteus
- †Leptophoca
- †Leptoxis
- Lepus
- †Lepus americanusA living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare
- Libinia
- †Limosa – or unidentified comparable form
- Linga
- Litiopa
- Littoraria
- Lontra
- †Lontra canadensis
- LophiusMounted skeleton of a Lophius americanus, or American anglerfish
- Lophodytes
- Lopholatilus
- Loxia
- Lucina
- Lunatia
- Lymnaea
- Lynx
- †Lynx rufus – or unidentified comparable formA living Lynx rufus, or bobcat
- Lyonsia
- Macoma
- Macrocallista
- Makaira
- †Makaira nigricans – or unidentified comparable form
- †Mammut
- †Mammuthus
- †Mammuthus columbi
- †Mammuthus primigeniusLife restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
- †Margaritaria
- Marginella
- Marmota
- Masticophis
- Megaceryle
- †MegalonyxMounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx
- Megalops
- Megaptera
- Melanerpes
- †Melanerpes carolinus
- †Melanerpes erythrocephalus
- Meleagris
- Melospiza
- MembraniporaLiving Membranipora bryozoan
- Mephitis
- Mercenaria
- Mergus
- †Merychippus
- †Mesocetus
- Mesoplodon
- †MetaxytheriumMounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium
- †Metopocetus – type locality for genus
- Microtus
- Mitrella
- Modiolus
- Mola
- Molothrus
- †Monotherium
- Morus
- †Morus bassanusA living Morus bassanus, or northern gannet
- †Moxostoma
- Mulinia
- Musculus
- Mustela
- †Mya
- Myliobatis
- †MylohyusFossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
- Myotis
- †Myotis grisescens
- †Myotis keenii
- †Myotis lucifugus
- Myriophyllum
- Mytilus
- Napaeozapus
- Nassarius
- Naticarius
- Natrix
- Nebrius
- Negaprion
- Neofiber
- †Neopanope texana
- Neotoma
- †Neotoma floridanaClose-up of a Neotoma floridana, or eastern woodrat
- Nerodia
- Neverita
- †Nipa – or unidentified comparable form
- Niso
- †Nocomis
- †Nocomis raneyi – or unidentified comparable form
- Notophthalmus
- †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
- NotorhynchusIllustration of a living Notorynchus cow shark
- Notorynchus
- †Noturus
- Nucula
- †Nyssa
- Ochotona
- Ocypode
- Odobenus
- Odocoileus
- Odontaspis
- †Odontopteryx – tentative reportIllustration of a fossilized partial skull of the Paleocene-Eocene pseudo-toothed bird Odontopteryx
- Odostomia
- Oliva
- Olivella
- Ondatra
- Onthophagus
- †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
- †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
- Opheodrys
- †Opsanus
- †Orycterocetus
- †Osteopygis
- †Ostracion
- Ostrea
- †Otodus
- †Otodus megalodonDiagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
- Otus
- †Oxyrhina
- †Oxyura
- †Pachecoa
- †Palaeophis
- †Palaeorhincodon
- †Palaeosinopa – or unidentified comparable form
- Pandora
- Panopea
- Panopeus
- Panthera
- †Panthera leoA living Panthera leo, or lion
- †Paralbula
- Parascalops
- †Parietobalaena
- Parus
- Parvanachis
- Passerella
- Pecten
- †Pedalion
- Pedioecetes
- Pekania
- †Pekania pennanti – or unidentified comparable form
- †PelagornisLife restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis
- †Pelocetus
- †Perimyotis
- Perisoreus
- Peristernia
- Peromyscus
- Petaloconchus
- Petricola
- Petrochelidon
- Phalacrocorax
- †Phalacrocorax auritusA living Phalacrocorax auritus, or double-crested cormorant
- Phenacomys
- †Phenacomys intermedius
- †Phenacomys ungava – or unidentified comparable form
- †Phocageneus – type locality for genus
- Pholadomya
- Pholas
- Phyllodus
- Physa
- †Physogaleus
- †Phytolacca
- Pica
- †Pica picaA living Pica pica Eurasian magpie
- Picea
- †Pinguinus
- Pinicola – or unidentified comparable form
- Pinus
- Pipistrellus
- Piranga
- Pisania
- Pisidium
- Pitar
- Placopecten
- †PlatygonusRestoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
- Plecotus
- †Plecotus townsendii – or unidentified comparable form
- Pleuromeris
- Plicatula
- Pluvialis
- Podiceps
- Podilymbus
- †Podilymbus podicepsA living Podilymbus podiceps, or pied-billed grebe
- Pogonias
- Polinices
- Polydora
- Polygonum
- †Pomatiopsis
- †Pooecetes
- Porzana
- †Potamogeton
- †Prionodon
- Prionotus
- Pristis
- †Procamelus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Procolpochelys
- Procyon
- †Prolates
- †Protautoga
- Prunum
- Psammechinus
- †Psephophorus
- Pseudochama
- Pseudoliva
- Pseudotorinia
- Pteria
- Pteromeris
- Pteromylaeus
- †Ptychosalpinx
- †Puppigerus
- Pycnodonte
- PycnodusFossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Pycnodus
- Quercus
- Quinqueloculina
- Raja
- Rallus
- †Rana
- †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
- †Rana clamitans – or unidentified comparable form
- †Rana palustris
- †Rana pipiens
- †Rana sylvatica – or unidentified comparable form
- Rangia
- Rangifer
- †Rangifer tarandusA living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer
- Ranzania
- †Retinella
- Retusa
- Rhinobatos
- Rhinoptera
- Rosalina
- Rostellaria
- †Sarda
- Sayornis
- †Scala
- Scalopus
- Scaphella
- Scaphiopus
- Sceloporus
- †Sceptrum
- †SchizodelphisFossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis
- Schizoporella
- Sciaenops
- †Sciaenurus – or unidentified comparable form
- Sciurus
- Scolopax
- †Scolopax minorA living Scolopax minor, or American woodcock
- Scomberomorus
- †Scombrinus
- Scyliorhinus
- Seila
- †Seiurus
- Semele
- †Semotilus
- †Semotilus corporalis – or unidentified comparable form
- Serpulorbis
- †SerratolamnaFossilized teeth of the Cretaceous-Eocene shark Serratolamna
- †Sialia – or unidentified comparable form
- Sinum
- Sitta
- †Sitta canadensis
- †Solarium
- Solemya
- Solen
- Solenosteira
- Sorex
- †Sorex arcticus
- †Sorex cinereus
- †Sorex dispar
- †Sorex fumeus
- †Sorex hoyi
- †Sorex palustrisA living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew
- †Spatangus
- Spermophilus
- Sphaerium
- Sphyraena
- †Sphyrapicus
- †Sphyrapicus varius
- Sphyrna
- Spilogale
- Spisula
- †SqualodonLife restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon
- Squalus
- Squatina
- †Stenotrema
- Stewartia
- Storeria
- †Striatolamia
- Strioterebrum
- StrobilopsShell of a Strobilops land snail
- Strombiformis
- Sturnella – or unidentified comparable form
- Sveltia – or unidentified comparable form
- †Syllomus
- Sylvilagus
- Symplocos
- Synaptomys
- Tagelus
- Tamias
- Tamiasciurus
- TapirusA living Tapirus, or tapir
- Tautoga
- Tectonatica
- Teinostoma
- Tellina
- Terebra
- Teredo
- Terrapene
- Textularia
- Thamnophis
- †ThecachampsaFossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa
- †Thoracosaurus
- Thracia
- †Thuja
- Thunnus
- Tilia
- Toxostoma
- Triakis
- Trigonostoma
- Tringa – or unidentified comparable form
- †Triodopsis
- †Triodopsis tridentataA living Triodopsis tridentata land snail, or northern threetooth
- Triphora
- Trochita
- Trox
- †Tsuga
- †Tsuga canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
- Tucetona
- Turbonilla
- Turdus
- †Turdus migratoriusA living Turdus migratorius, or American robin
- Turritella
- Uria
- Urosalpinx
- Ursus
- Vallonia
- Valvata
- Venericardia
- Vermetus
- Vertigo
- Vitis
- Vitrinella
- †Voltaconger
- Voluta
- Volutifusus
- Vulpes
- Xenophora
- †XiphiacetusFossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus
- Yoldia
- Zapus
- Zonotrichia
- †Zonotrichia albicollis
References
- Else Marie Friis; Peter R. Crane; Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen (2019). "Chlamydospermous seeds document the diversity and abundance of extinct gnetalean relatives in Early Cretaceous vegetation". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 180 (7): 643–666. doi:10.1086/704356.
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 7 August 2017.
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